Polystigma Cichlid: A Striking and Dynamic Predator
The Polystigma Cichlid (Nimbochromis polystigma), also known as the Leopard Cichlid, is a large and captivating predatory fish native to Lake Malawi. Its unique spotted pattern and impressive size make it a standout species in African cichlid aquariums. Known for its intelligence and fascinating hunting behaviour, this cichlid is ideal for experienced aquarists with spacious tanks.
Size and Lifespan
Polystigma Cichlids can grow to an impressive size of 25–30 cm, with males typically larger and more vibrantly coloured than females. With excellent care and stable water conditions, they can live for 8–10 years, offering long-term enjoyment in a well-maintained aquarium.
Tank Size and Requirements
A minimum tank size of 450 liters is recommended to accommodate the size and active nature of Polystigma Cichlids. They thrive in water temperatures of 24°C–28°C and a pH range of 7.8–8.6. Decorate their tank with sandy substrates, open swimming areas, and rocky caves to replicate their natural habitat. Strong filtration and regular water changes are crucial to maintaining water quality for these robust fish.
Tank Mates
These cichlids are moderately aggressive and highly predatory, making careful selection of tank mates essential. Suitable companions include other large and robust African cichlids, such as Venustus, Livingstoni, and Frontosa. Avoid smaller fish, as they may be seen as prey, and ensure sufficient tank space to reduce territorial aggression.
Feeding Polystigma Cichlids
Polystigma Cichlids are carnivorous and require a high-protein diet. Provide high-quality cichlid pellets or sticks designed for predatory fish as their staple food. Supplement their diet with live or frozen foods such as shrimp, krill, and small fish fillets to mimic their natural prey. A varied diet not only supports their health but also enhances their vibrant coloration and activity levels.
Behaviour and Hunting Style
The Polystigma Cichlid exhibits unique predatory behaviour, including “ambush hunting,” where it hides among rocks or sand to surprise prey. This fascinating behaviour adds an element of intrigue to their presence in the aquarium, making them a joy to observe in well-planned setups.
Breeding Polystigma Cichlids
Breeding is possible in large tanks with the right conditions. Males establish territories and court females by displaying their striking spotted patterns. Females are mouthbrooders, carrying fertilized eggs for about 21–28 days. After the fry are released, they can be fed finely crushed flakes or baby brine shrimp. A separate breeding tank increases fry survival rates and reduces stress on the parents.
Sexing Polystigma Cichlids
Males are larger and display a more vivid spotted pattern with hints of blue or green, especially during breeding periods. Females are slightly smaller and have a more muted colouration. Observing size, colour, and behaviour helps differentiate sexes.
FAQs
How big do Polystigma Cichlids get?
They can grow to 25–30 cm, with males being larger than females.
Are they aggressive?
They are moderately aggressive and highly predatory. Proper tank space and robust tank mates minimize conflicts.
What tank mates are suitable?
Large African cichlids like Venustus, Livingstoni, and Frontosa are ideal. Avoid smaller fish.
What do they eat?
They thrive on high-protein cichlid pellets, live or frozen shrimp, krill, and small fish fillets.
How do you breed Polystigma Cichlids?
Provide spacious tanks with territories for spawning. Females mouthbrood eggs for 21–28 days before releasing fry.
How can you tell males and females apart?
Males are larger with brighter spotted patterns and hints of blue or green, while females are smaller and less vivid.
Species Overview
- Species: Nimbochromis polystigma
- Common Name: Polystigma Cichlid, Leopard Cichlid
- Origin: Lake Malawi, Africa
- Diet: Carnivore
- PH Range: 7.8–8.6
- Temperature: 24°C–28°C
- Max Size: Up to 30 cm
- Tank Size: Minimum 450 liters
